Eksperimentalni model prirodne ventilacije zgrade u urbanoj sredini

master's thesis

• Title (english): Experimental model of building natural ventilation in urban environment
• Author: Dino Golubić
• Mentor: Hrvoje Kozmar (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-03-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mechanical Engineering

Abstract

Prirodna ventilacija je proces izmjene zraka iz zgrada bez uporabe ventilacijskih uređaja, npr. koristeći količinu gibanja zraka i uzgonske sile. Pri izradi bioklimatskih zgrada visokih performansi veliki je naglasak na povećanju učinka prirodne ventilacije kako bi se smanjila potrošnja energije, poboljšala kvaliteta zraka te smanjila onečišćenja okoliša. Predmet ovog rada jest određivanje odnosa intenziteta ventilacije zgrade za samostojeću zgradu, kao i za zgradu smještenu u urbanom okruženju za različite stupnjeve izgrađenosti. Ispitivani su utjecaji poprečne i jednostrane ventilacije i smjera strujanja zraka. Izmjerene brzine ventilacije uspoređene su s rezultatima dobivenim za izoliranu referentnu zgradu. Eksperimenti su provedeni u zračnom tunelu za generiranje modela atmosferskog graničnog sloja na Institutu za mehaniku fluida i prijenos topline Tehničkog sveučilišta u Grazu, Austrija. Za određivanje karakteristika strujanja zraka je korišten sustav užarene žice, dok je sustav praćenja plina korišten za mjerenje broja izmjena zraka u prostoriji. Atmosferski granični sloj je uspješno modeliran za strujanje zraka iznad suburbanog tipa terena. Izmjena zraka za samostojeću zgradu je znanto efikasnija u odnosu na zgradu smještenu unutar urbanog okruženja. Za slučaj urbanog okruženja, efikasnost ventilacije zgrade je veća za slučaj rjeđe raspoređenih zgrada.

Abstract (english)

Natural ventilation is the process of air change in an indoor space without using mechanical devices, i.e by using simply natural forces like flow momentum and buoyancy. When designing bioclimatic, passive, high performance buildings, it is important to enhance natural ventilation in order to minimize energy consumption, improve air quality and reduce environmental pollution. The scope of the present work is on a sensitivity of ventilation rates for a building, which is a part of an urban neighborhood. The cross-ventilation and single-side ventilation for various flow incidence angles were studied. Measured ventilation rates were compared to the reference results that were obtained for a referent stand-alone cubic building model. The experiments were carried out in the atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel at the Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer (IFMHT) at the Graz University of Technology (GUT), Austria. The hot-wire anemometry was used to determine flow characteristics, while the tracer gas system was applied to estimate airflow rates of the cubic building model. The atmospheric boundary layer was successfully simulated for a suburban terrain exposure. The airflow rates obtained for a ventilation of a stand-alone cubic building model were observed to be larger when compared to a cubic building model situated in an urban neighborhood model. In the latter case, the ventilation efficiency is larger for less densely spaced building models.

• Keywords: prirodna ventilacija; atmosferski granični sloj; urbano okruženje; modelski eksperimenti; zračni tunel za simulaciju atmosferskog graničnog sloja
• Keywords (english): natural ventilation; atmospheric boundary layer; urban environment; small-scale experiments; atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel
• Language: english
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:996809
• Study programme: Title: Mechanical Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access; Embargo expiration date: 2020-03-28
• Created on: 2019-05-22 22:18:25