Automatski uređaj za anatomsku prilagodbu osteosintetskih implantata u obliku trake

master's thesis

• Title (english): Automatic device for osteosynthesis strip adjustment
• Author: Sven Gašparović
• Mentor: Dragan Žeželj (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mechanical Engineering; General Mechanical Engineering (Construction)

Abstract

Osteosinteza je postupak spajanja kosti kirurškim putem nakon prijeloma odnosno osteotomije kosti. U tu svrhu većinom se koriste implantati izrađeni od metala u obliku žice, vijaka, čavala, ploča ili traka koje se, nakon deformiranja, vijcima pričvrste za kosti. Postupak deformiranja implantata je obvezan kako bi se geometrija implantata prilagodila konturi kosti na koju naliježe i koju fiksira. U protivnom može doći do ubrzanog labavljenja vijčanog spoja koji osigurava krutu vezu između dvaju prelomljenih dijelova kosti.

Postupak se izvodi ručno posebnim kliještima na temelju vizualne procjene ili otiska uzetog direktno s kosti pomoću plastično podatnijeg materijala. Takav postupak je fizički iscrpljujuć za kirurga te kao takav produljuje vrijeme trajanja operacije, ali i stvara opasnost smanjivanja koncentracije pri kasnijem radu, što može rezultirati neželjenim posljedicama po pacijenta. Ideja je da se postupak izvodi drugačije, bez potrebe za fizičkim naporom operatera te uz veću točnost rezultata.

U okviru rada biti će prikazan uređaj za automatsko prilagođavanje oblika pločice geometriji kosti koja se njome imobilizira. Poznato je da operater korištenjem plastično podatnog materijala može uzeti „negativ“ vanjske konture kosti koju je potrebno imobilizirati. Potom djelatnik stavlja isti u uređaj u kojem se vrši trodimenzionalno skeniranje pločice „negativa“. Skeniranjem pločice se geometrija pločice pohranjuje u računalu, unutar kojega se izračunavaju radijusi zakrivljenosti pojedinih dijelova pločice. U sljedećoj fazi djelatnik ubacuje u zasebni dio uređaja pločicu implantata. Ta se pločica automatski oblikuje na temelju podataka generiranih u računalu nakon skeniranja „negativa“. Oblikovana pločica po završetku postupka izlazi iz uređaja te ju djelatnik može dalje koristiti bez ikakve uporabe dodatnih alata za oblikovanje.

Abstract (english)

Osteosynthesis is a surgical bone joining process conducted after a bone fracture. It is mostly carried out using metal-based implants such as wires, screws, bolts, plates or bars attached to the fractured bone pieces, after deforming it in order to adjust its shape to the bone geometry. Implants are deformed in order to align it with the bone contour, so it would fit perfectly. Otherwise loose joints could cause screws to unwind from the bone core reducing the rigidity of the joined bone pieces.

The process is manually performed with the behalf of special pliers based on visual assessment or print of a bone contour taken directly from the bone's surface using ductile material. Such a proceeding could be exhausting for surgeon, which extends the operation duration, but also might cause surgeon's concentration decline, which could lead to potentially hazardous complications after the operation.

Theme of the thesis is a design of automatic device that copes with this problem. Assuming the surgeon is able to get a print of a bone contour thorough usage of a ductile material this print can be used to get its geometry in order to copy it on the bar that is going to be implanted on the pacient. The print is put into a specialized device used for threedimensional scanning in order to determine bar's curvatures along its length. In a next phase an officer puts an implant in the second part of a device, where it is being bent automatically according to the data of a print captured during scanning. At the end a deformed implant comes out ready for immediate implantion without need for any additional reshaping.

• Keywords: automatski uređaj; osteosinteza; implantat; osteosintetski implantat
• Keywords (english): automatic device; osteosynthesis; strip; osteosynthesis strip
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:634211
• Study programme: Title: Mechanical Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-05-22 17:00:32