Projekt sustava grijanja obiteljske kuće

master's thesis

• Title (english): Design of heating system for the single residence
• Author: Leonardo Ištvanović
• Mentor: Igor Balen (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-12-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mechanical Engineering; Process Energy Engineering

Abstract

U ovome radu predlaže se tehničko rješenje sustava grijanja i pripreme potrošne vode (PTV) obiteljske kuće na području grada Križevaca. Kuća se sastoji od četiri etaže (podrum, prizemlje, kat i potkrovlje). Grijane etaže su prizemlje i kat neto površine 178 m2. Smještaj opreme predviđen je u strojarnici u podrumu. Koeficijenti građevnih elemenata svedeni su na razinu onih navedenih u Tehničkom propisu. Projektno toplinsko opterećenje zgrade određeno je prema normi HRN EN 12831 i dobiven je prosječni specifični toplinski gubitak u iznosu od 44 W/m2. Predviđen je toplovodni sustav grijanja s prisilnom cirkulacijom u kojem se kao toplinski izvor koristi dizalica topline zrak-voda u kombinaciji s cijevnim petljama podnog grijanja pri temperaturnom režimu 40/35 °C. Cijevne petlje dimenzionirane su prema toplinskom opterećenju pojedine prostorije. U kupaonicama petlje podnog grijanja ne mogu u potpunosti pokriti toplinske gubitke te su u njima predviđeni još i cijevni radijatori. U sustav je ugrađen međuspremnik ogrjevne vode volumena 101 L kako bi se osigurao mirniji rad dizalice topline. Predviđen je paralelni rad dizalice topline s električnim grijačem, s balansnom točkom pri temperaturi od -6 °C. Sustav pripreme potrošne tople vode sastoji se od bivalentnog solarnog spremnika zapremnine 372 L koji se prvenstveno zagrijava putem solarnih kolektora na temperaturu od 60 °C. Solarni sustav dimenzioniran je način da se u ljetnom periodu u potpunosti pokriju energetski zahtjevi za PTV. Ostatak vremena kada solarni kolektori ne mogu zagrijati vodu na željenu temperaturu, zagrijavanje vode preuzima dizalica topline. Solarni sustav sastoji se od dva serijski spojena ostakljenja pločasta kolektora usmjerena prema jugu pod nagibom od 45°. Primjenom mjera u građevinskom dijelu i ugradnjom energetski učinkovitih sustava, kuća zadovoljava niskoenergetske zahtjeve sa specifičnom godišnjom potrebnom toplinskom energijom QH,nd'' = 41,63 kWh/(m2∙a) i primarnom energijom Eprim = 43,06 kWh/(m2∙a). Usporedbom s postojećim stanjem utvrđene su značajne energetske uštede u iznosu od 90 % kao i smanjenje emisija CO2 u iznosu od 67 %. Sektor zgradarstva pokazuje velik potencijal za smanjenje potrošnje energije i emisija CO2 što se može vidjeti iz navedenog primjera.

Abstract (english)

This master’s thesis proposes a technical solution for the heating system and the preparation of domestic hot water for the single residence in the area of the city of Križevci. The house consists of four floors (basement, ground floor, first floor, and attic). The heated floors are the ground floor and the first floor with a net area of 178 m2 . The equipment is located in the boiler room in the basement. The heat transfer coefficients of building elements have been selected according to those specified in the national regulation ''Tehnički propis''. The design heat load of the building was determined according to the HRN EN 12831 norm and the average specific heat loss was determined in the amount of 44 W/m2 . The heating system is designed as hot water with forced circulation with an air-to-water heat pump as a heat source in combination with underfloor heating at a temperature regime of 40/35 °C. Pipe loops are dimensioned according to the heat load of a particular room. In the bathrooms, the underfloor heating loops cannot fully cover the heat losses, and pipe radiators are also installed in them. A heating water buffer with a volume of 101 L is installed in the system to ensure a more stable operation of the heat pump. Parallel operation of the heat pump with an electric heater is planned, with a balance point at a temperature of -6 °C is foreseen. The domestic hot water preparation system consists of a bivalent solar tank with a capacity of 372 L, which is primarily heated by solar collectors to a temperature of 45 °C. The solar system is dimensioned in order to fully cover the energy requirements for DHW in the summer period. The rest of the time, when the solar collectors cannot heat the water to the desired temperature, the heat pump takes over the heating of the water. The solar system consists of two serially connected glazing plate collectors directed towards the south at an inclination of 45°. By applying measures in the construction part and installing energy-efficient systems, the house meets low-energy requirements with specific annual required thermal energy 𝑄𝐻,𝑛𝑑 ′′ = 41,63 kWh/(m2 ∙a) and primary energy 𝐸𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚 = 43,06 kWh/(m2 ∙a). By comparison with the existing situation, significant energy savings in the amount of 90 % as well as a reduction in CO2 emissions in the amount of 67 % were determined. The building sector shows incredible potential for reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions, which can be seen from the example above.

• Keywords: grijanje; PTV; potrošna topla voda; dizalica topline; podno grijanje; energetska učinkovitost; solarni kolektori
• Keywords (english): heating; DHW; domestic hot water; heat pump; underfloor heating; energy efficiency; solar collectors
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:382021
• Study programme: Title: Mechanical Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-12-06 13:14:44