Isplinjavanje kao rješenje za ostatni industrijski polimerni otpad nakon separacije - Tehno-ekonomska analiza

master's thesis

• Title (english): Gasification as a solution for residual industrial polymer waste after separation - Techno-economic analysis
• Author: Jelena Brlić
• Mentor: Daniel Rolph Schneider (mentor)
• Mentor: Tihomir Tomić (komentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-01-21, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mechanical Engineering; Process Energy Engineering

Abstract

Tema ovog rada je tehno-ekonomska analiza postrojenja za isplinjavanje kao rješenja za ostatni industrijski polimerni (plastični) otpad nakon separacije. Isplinjavanje je termokemijski proces energetske oporabe materijala kojim se dobiva sintetski plin. U radu je dan opis procesa isplinjavanja plastičnog otpada, utjecaj različitih parametara na takav proces te pregled tehnoloških i ekonomskih parametara postojećih postrojenja za isplinjavanje plastičnog otpada. Tehno-ekonomska analiza provela se za potencijalno postrojenje za isplinjavanje ostatnog industrijskog plastičnog otpada koje bi se izgradilo u sklopu privatnog poduzeća. Privatno poduzeće bavi se recikliranjem, tj. proizvodnjom granulata iz industrijskog plastičnog otpada, a dio otpada koji nije moguće obraditi recikliranjem potrebno je zbrinuti na odgovarajući način. Mogućnost je energetska oporaba procesom isplinjavanja. Pregledom literature utvrđeno je da gotovo svi polimerni materijali kojima raspolaže privatno poduzeće mogu poslužiti kao sirovina u procesu isplinjavanja (PP, PET, PC, ABS i PE). Razlog isključenja ostalih raspoloživih polimernih materijala (EVOH, CPE, EAA i PA) je nedostatak literature koja opisuje ponašanje ovih polimera tijekom procesa isplinjavanja te produkata takvih procesa. Parametri procesa isplinjavanja za potencijalno postrojenje odabrani su prema osrednjenim vrijednostima parametara postojećih postrojenja te prema dostupnoj literaturi. Za postrojenje je uzet nazivni kapacitet od 10 tona dnevno, odnosno 3.390 tona godišnje zbog mogućnosti da se trenutačna raspoloživa količina otpada od 2 tone dnevno poveća u kratkom roku. Proveden je proračun kako bi se dobio uvid u proizvedenu količinu sintetskog plina, odnosno električne i toplinske energije koje se u sklopu postrojenja proizvode iz sintetskog plina te nakon iskorištavanja za vlastite potrebe postrojenja, prodaju na tržištu. Zatim je provedena ekonomska analiza koja je pokazala neisplativost investicije u ovakvo postrojenje. Dan je pregled isplativosti investicije u ovisnosti o kapacitetu postrojenja i iznosu naknade za zbrinjavanje otpada. Analiza osjetljivosti pokazala je kako bi promjena dnevnog kapaciteta, cijene investicije, cijene električne i toplinske energije, cijene troška održavanja i radne snage, količine proizvedenog sintetskog plina i promjena njegove donje ogrjevne vrijednosti utjecala na isplativost postrojenja.

Abstract (english)

The subject of this thesis is a techno-economic analysis of a gasification plant as a solution for residual industrial plastic waste after separation. Gasification is a thermochemical process used for energy recovery from materials, product of which is synthetic gas. This thesis gives a discription of the gasification process, influence of different parameters on the course of the process and an overview of technical and economic parameters for existing plants for gasification of plastic waste. The techno-economic analysis was carried out for a potential plant which would be constructed for a private company. The private company manufactures granules by recycling industrial plastic waste and there is a need for an according way of disposing the waste not suitable for recycling. Energy recovery by gasification is a possible solution. A review of literature has shown that most of the available waste can be used as fuel in the gasification process (PP, PET, PC, ABS i PE). The reason behind the exclusion of the rest of the available waste is the lack of literature describing the behaviour of this materials during the gasification process and the products of such processes. The parameters for the potential plant have been determined according to averaged values of parameters from existing gasification plants and available literature. Due to the possibility of increasing the capacity from currently available 2 tonnes a day of plastic waste in a short period, it has been determined that the nominal capacity of the gasification plant will be 10 tonnes per day or 3.390 tonnes per year. Necessary calculations have been carried out to determine the amount of produced synthetic gas and the amount of electrical and thermal energy that are produced as a part of the plant from synthetic gas. Electrical and thermal energy are primarily used to cover the energy needs of the plant and the rest is sold at a market price. Economical analysis of the plant showed that an investment wouldn't be profitable. An overview of the influence of the plants daily capacity and the rate of the waste disposal fee on the profitability was given. The sensitivity analysis has shown what effect would changing the daily capacity of the plant, the amount of the investment, the price of electrical and thermal energy, the maintenance and labour cost, the amount of the synthetic gas produced and the value of lower heating value of the synthetic gas have on the profitability of the investment.

• Keywords: isplinjavanje; postrojenje za isplinjavanje; plastični otpad; tehno-ekonomska analiza
• Keywords (english): gasification; gasification plant; plastic waste; techno-economic analysis
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:628922
• Study programme: Title: Mechanical Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access; Embargo expiration date: 2023-01-21
• Created on: 2022-01-17 21:24:18