Konstrukcija proteze ekstremiteta za pse

master's thesis

• Title (english): Design of limb prosthesis for dogs
• Author: Antun Vukes
• Mentor: Aleksandar Sušić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mechanical Engineering

Abstract

Gubitak uda kod kućnih ljubimaca predstavlja veliki problem za unesrećene životinje i njihove vlasnike. Cilj ovog rada je konstrukcijski prijedlog rješenja proteze ekstremiteta za pse, konkretno stražnjeg uda s amputacijom u razini potkoljenice kako bi se psima omogućio što normalniji život. Ovakva vrsta ozljede nije uobičajena te se u većini slučajeva amputira čitavi ud do kuka bez obzira na i dalje funkcionalni ostatak uda (zdrava natkoljenica, koljeno i ostatak potkoljenice, ali nedovoljno dugačak za primjenu klasične proteze). Stoga je u radu dano jedno prototipno rješenje namijenjeno za izradu aditivnom proizvodnjom pomoću niskobudžetnog 3D pisača FDM postupkom.
Problem koji se na samom početku razrade javlja je slaba do nikakva zastupljenost proteza za ovakvu vrstu amputacije odnosno oštećenja uda na tržištu. Glavni konstrukcijski izazov kao i kod svake proteze je vraćanje funkcije izgubljenog dijela tijela te proizvodnja pravilno oblikovanog prihvata proteze na rezidualni ud kako bi se osigurala jednolika raspodjela opterećenja koja djeluju po površini kontakta te kako bi se spriječila oštećenja mekog tkiva i povećala udobnost pri nošenju proteze. Također bitan konstrukcijski izazov predstavlja osiguranje od ispadanja.
Rješavanju ovih zahtjeva pristupilo se detaljnim pregledom tržišta svih poznatih rješenja za gubitak i potporu oštećenih ili izgubljenih udova, nakon čega je slijedila biomehanička analiza hoda psa sa/bez proteze u svrhu boljeg razumijevanja problema i konstrukcijska razrada. Pravilno oblikovan prihvat proteze danas je elegantno riješen razvojem novih tehnologija poput CT-a i 3D skeniranja koji omogućavaju izradu iznimno preciznih 3D modela po kojem se oblikuje prihvat pogodan za aditivnu proizvodnju dok je osiguranje od ispadanja osigurano sintezom ideja s tržišta.
Rezultat konstrukcijske razrade je proizvedena prototipna konstrukcija proteze aditivnom proizvodnjom koja nije namijenjena za komercijalnu upotrebu, ali predstavlja inovativno rješenje i zahtjeva daljnja istraživanja i obradu jer nije nužno ograničena na primjenu samo kod pasa već uz manje prilagodbe i kod ostalih četveronožnih životinja (mačaka, koza, ovaca) te otvara vrata za daljnji razvoj ne samo sa inženjerskog/inovativnog stajališta nego i s ekonomskog zbog iznimno niske i isplative cijene proizvodnje u odnosu na postojeće proizvođače.

Abstract (english)

Limb loss in pets is a big problem for unfortunate animals and their owners. The aim of this paper is to propose a solution for limb prosthesis for dogs, specifically the hind limb with amputation at the level of the lower leg (tibia and fibula) in order to enable dogs to live as normal a life as possible. This type of injury is not common and in most cases the entire limb is amputated to the hip regardless of the still functional rest of the limb (healthy upper leg, knee and rest of the lower leg). Therefore, the paper presents a prototype solution intended for production by additive production (FDM process) using a low-budget 3D.
The problem that arises at the very beginning of the development is a weak to no representation of prostheses for this type of amputation or limb damage on the market. The main design challenge, as with any prosthesis, is to restore the function of the lost part of the body and produce a properly shaped prosthesis grip on the residual limb to ensure uniform load distribution on the contact surface and to prevent soft tissue damage and increase comfort when wearing the prosthesis. Also a significant design challenge is insurance against falling off.
These requirements were addressed by a detailed market review of all known solutions for the loss and support of damaged or lost limbs, followed by a biomechanical analysis of the dog's gait with / without prosthesis for a better understanding of the problem and design elaboration. Properly shaped prosthesis grip is elegantly solved by the development of new technologies such as CT and 3D scanning that allow the creation of extremely precise 3D models that shape the grip suitable for additive production while the fall protection is provided by synthesizing ideas from the market.
The result of the construction is a prototype construction of a prosthesis with additive production that is not intended for commercial use, but is an innovative solution and requires further research and processing because it is not necessarily limited to dog use only but with minor adaptations in other four-legged animals (cats, goats, sheep) also. This prototype construction opens the door for further development not only from an engineering / innovative point of view but also from an economic one due to the extremely low and cost-effective cost of production compared to existing producers.

• Keywords: proteze za pse; biomehanika psa; aditivna proizvodnja; 3D pisač
• Keywords (english): prosthesis for dogs; dog biomechanics; additive manufacturing; 3D printer
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:065123
• Study programme: Title: Mechanical Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-07-08 06:25:40