Cost and benefits of shifting towards low temperature district heating

master's thesis

• Title (croatian): Troškovi i prednosti prelaska na nisko-temperaturne centralizirane toplinske sustave
• Author: Edi Kirasić
• Mentor: Tomislav Pukšec (mentor)
• Committee member: Damir Dović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Darko Smoljan (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Milan Vujanović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-05-14, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mechanical Engineering; Process Energy Engineering

Abstract

Current energy and climate strategies will eventually phase out conventional district heating systems unless they are prepared for lower heat demand caused by building refurbishment and energy efficiency improvement programs. Also, future district heating systems will need to reduce heat losses and CO2 emissions and replace fossil fuels with locally found renewable energy and urban waste heat sources. Those changes will have a widespread positive impact on communities. This thesis evaluates the costs and benefits of the novel, low, and ultra-low temperature district heating systems, which are the path to the future.
The introduction of this thesis gives a short overview of LTDH and ULTDH systems, as well as their main components and literature review. The second part, method, shows the techno-economical procedure of assessing the costs and benefits of these systems. Heat demand, electricity consumption, coefficients of performances, heat losses and other important parameters in district heating analysis are presented. The section-case study describes the example for which assessment methodology is developed. This section shows techno-economic data used in the analysis. In the last section, results from the case study are evaluated and discussed. Results showed the infeasibility of novel district heating systems for low plot ratios and space heating shares, but they outperformed conventional natural gas boiler heating in CO2 emissions and primary energy consumption. All results from this case study are shown in the Annex at the end.

Abstract (croatian)

Trenutne energetske i klimatske strategije će u konačnici uzrokovati gašenje konvencionalnih centraliziranih toplinskih sustava, ako ne budu spremni na smanjenje potreba za toplinskom energijom uzrokovanih programima energetske obnove zgrada i poboljšanja energetske učinkovitosti. Također, centralizirani toplinski sustavi budućnosti trebat će smanjiti toplinske gubitke i emisije CO2, a potrošnju fosilnih goriva morat će zamijeniti lokalnim obnovljivim izvorima energije i urbanim izvorima otpadne topline. Te promjene će imati dalekosežni pozitivan utjecaj na zajednice. Ovaj diplomski rad procjenjuje koristi i troškove novih, nisko-temperaturnih i izrazito nisko-temperaturnih centraliziranih toplinskih sustava koji su put prema budućnosti.
U uvodu je dan kratki pregled nisko-temperaturnih i izrazito nisko-temperaturnih centraliziranih toplinskih sustava, kao i pregled njihovih osnovnih komponenti i literature. Drugi dio, metoda, prikazuje tehno-ekonomsku analizu procjena dobiti i troškova ovih sustava. Prikazane su potrebe za toplinskom energijom, potrošnja električne energije, koeficijent učinkovitosti dizalica topline, toplinski gubici i drugi važni parametri analize centraliziranih toplinskih sustava. U poglavlju-studija slučaja, opisan je primjer za koji je razvijena metodologija. U tom poglavlju su prikazani tehno-ekonomski podaci korišteni u analizi. U zadnjem poglavlju analizirani su rezultati koji pokazuju neisplativost izgradnje modernih centraliziranih toplinskih sustava za rijetko naseljena područja s malim udjelom potražnje za grijanjem u ukupnoj potražnji toplinske energije, ali su bolji po pitanju emisija CO2 i potrošnji primarne energije od konvencionalnog grijanja prirodnim plinom. Svi rezultati ove analize slučaja prikazani su u dodatku koji se nalazi na kraju.

• Keywords: ultra-low temperature district heating; low-temperature district heating; heat pumps; renewable energy sources; cost-benefit analysis; coefficient of performance; levelized cost of heat; energy planning; carbon emission factor; primary energy factor
• Keywords (croatian): izrazito nisko temperaturni centralizirani toplinski sustavi; nisko temperaturni centralizirani toplinski sustavi; dizalice topline; obnovljivi izvori energije; analiza troškovi i dobiti; koeficijent učinkovitosti dizalica topline; nivelirana cijena toplinske energije; energetsko planiranje; faktor emisije ugljikovog dioksida; faktor primarne energije
• Language: english
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:225497
• Project: Number: 857811; Title: Renewable and Waste Heat Recovery for Competitive District Heating and Cooling Networks; Acronym: REWARDHeat; Leader: Neven Duić; Jurisdiction: Italy; Funder: European Comission; Funding stream: Horizon2020
• Study programme: Title: Mechanical Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-05-06 11:48:05