Komparativna analiza životnog ciklusa tehnologija za energetsku oporabu plastičnog otpada

master's thesis

• Title (english): Comparative analysis of the life cycle of technologies for energy recovery of plastic waste
• Author: Kristina Petković
• Mentor: Daniel Rolph Schneider (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mechanical Engineering; Process Energy Engineering

Abstract

Tema ovog diplomskog rada je gospodarenje plastičnim otpadom. Plastični otpad vrlo je vrijedna sirovina s energetskog aspekta te njegovo konačno odlaganje na odlagalištu čini nepovratnu štetu na okoliš. Plastični otpad moguće je energetski oporabiti konvencionalnim tehnologijama termičke energetske oporabe poput spaljivanja i tehnologijama kemijske oporabe. Fokus ovog rada postavljen je na tehnologije kemijske oporabe plastičnog otpada: pirolizu i isplinjavanje. Produkti predmetnih tehnologija su tekuća i plinovita goriva, koja se mogu koristiti za naknadne energetske transformacije ili kao ulazna sirovina u industriji. Sukladno smjernicama EU i modelu cirkularne ekonomije potrebno je razmotriti predmetne tehnologije s naglaskom na analizi životnog ciklusa (LCA analiza, eng. Life Cycle Analysis). Dostupne LCI baze podataka ne opisuju predmetne tehnologije energetske oporabe plastičnog otpada te je u okviru ovog rada najprije izvršen detaljan pregled literature te su prikupljeni podaci o ulaznim i izlaznim tokovima postojećih postrojenja za pirolizu i isplinjavanje plastičnog otpada. Na temelju prikupljenih podataka izrađeni su LCI (eng. Life Cycle Inventory) setovi podataka razmatranih tehnologija koji opisuju sve ulazne tokove kao što su npr. potrebna električna energija, gorivo i materijali te sve izlazne tokove koji obuhvaćaju korisnu proizvedenu energiju i korisne produkte, ali i nusprodukte kao što su pepeo, šljaka i štetne emisije prema okolišu. Formirani LCI setovi upisani su u računalni program OpenLCA i integrirani u bazu podataka Ecoinvent povezivanjem s dostupnim europskim i lokalnim LCI setovima iz baze. U sklopu rada provedena je usporedna LCA analiza životnih ciklusa predmetnih tehnologija energetske oporabe plastičnog otpada te uobičajeno korištenih rješenja za zbrinjavanje generiranog plastičnog otpada poput njegove termičke obrade u spalionicama otpada s kogeneracijskom proizvodnjom električne i toplinske energije te odlaganja na uređena odlagališta otpada. Provedena je ekološka analiza koja je uključivala utjecaj rada pojedinih sustava s ciljem boljeg razumijevanja pozitivnih učinaka i negativnih ekoloških posljedica koji mogu proizići iz komercijalizacije tehnologija pirolize i isplinjavanja otpadne plastike u usporedbi s postojećim tehnologijama gospodarenja plastičnim otpadom te pronalaženjem rješenja s najmanjim sveukupnim utjecajem na okoliš.

Abstract (english)

Subject of this thesis is plastic waste management. From energetic point of view, plastic waste is quite valuable feedstock and its final disposal at the landfill presents irreversible damage to the environment. Plastic waste can be energetically recovered by chemical recovery techniques and conventional thermal energy recovery technologies such as incineration. The focus of this paper is on the chemical recovery of plastic waste: pyrolysis and gasification. Products of considered technologies are liquid and gaseous fuels, which can be used for subsequent energy transformations or as input feedstock in the industry. According to EU guidelines and model of circular economy it is necessary to validate the considered technologies with an emphasis on life cycle analysis (LCA). The available LCI databases do not include processes pyrolysis and gasification. Therefore, comprehensive survey of literature was carried out to gather all available data about input and output flows of existing facilities with implemented concerned technologies. Based on collected data, LCI (Life Cycle Inventory) datasets for technologies pyrolysis and gasification were created which encompass all input streams, such as the required electrical energy, fuel and materials, and all outflows that include useful energy and useful products, as well as by-products such as ash, slag and harmful emissions to the environment. Formed LCI sets are entered in the OpenLCA software and integrated into the Ecoinvent database by linking to the available European and local LCI sets from the base. Within this paper, a comparative life cycle analysis of the concerned technologies for energy recovery of plastic waste and commonly used solutions for the disposal of generated plastic waste, such as its thermal treatment in waste incinerators with cogeneration production of electrical and thermal energy, and disposal on regulated waste disposal sites has been carried out. An ecological analysis which involved the impacts of the operation of certain systems was carried out with the aim of better understanding the positive effects and negative environmental consequences that may arise from the commercialization of pyrolysis and gasification technologies compared to the existing waste management technologies and by finding solutions with the least overall impact on the environment.

• Keywords: gospodarenje otpadom; plastični otpad; piroliza; isplinjavanje; cirkularna ekonomija; LCA; LCI
• Keywords (english): waste management; plastic waste; pyrolysis; gasification; circular economy; LCA; LCI
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:838874
• Study programme: Title: Mechanical Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-07-03 17:56:38