Konstrukcija intramedularne naprave za distrakcijsku osteogenezu femura

master's thesis

• Title (english): The design of intramedullary distraction osteogenesis device for femur
• Author: Petar Romac
• Mentor: Aleksandar Sušić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-05-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mechanical Engineering

Abstract

Kost se ubraja među tkiva u ljudskom tijelu koja imaju sposobnost spontanog cijeljenja ozljeda, no u slučaju prevelikog defekta potrebna je kirurška intervencija. Postoje brojne tehnike saniranja takvih koštanih defekata kao npr. korištenjem autogenog ili alogeničnog transplantata kosti, koštantanog nadomjestka, vaskulariziranog koštanog transplantata, distrakcijskom osteogenezom. Potonja pruža određene prednosti u liječenju velikih koštanih defekata.
Distrakcijska osteogeneza je mehanička indukcija nove kosti između dva dijela slomljene kosti koji se postepeno razvlače, a svrha joj je produljivanje ili nadomještanje velikih segmenata kosti.
Tehnike vanjske fiksacije femura u kojima žice i pinovi prolaze kroz meko tkivo povećavaju mogućnost infekcije, te mogu smanjiti pokretljivost koljenog zgloba. U slučaju korištenja prstenastog fiksatora, zbog velikih dimenzija aparata, smanjena i pokretljivost kuka, a potrebna je i dugotrajna edukacija kirurga.

Tema ovog rada je konstrukcija naprave koja se ugrađuje u unutrašnjost bedrene kosti. Takvom konstrukcijom smanjuje se trauma mekog tkiva i vjerojatnost infekcije, te je pokretljivost koljenog zgloba i kuka u postoperativnom periodu veća u odnosu na tehnike vanjske fiksacije. U radu su definirani problemi postojeći rješenja, te zahtjevi i ciiljevi koncepta intramedularne naprave na temelju kojih je, metodičkom razradom, predložen koncept. Poboljšanja u odnosu na postojeća rješenja su velika nosivost, jednostavnost korištenja, te smanjenje rizika od dodatnih fraktura za vrijeme ugradnje i u postoperativnom periodu.

Abstract (english)

Bone is amongst the very few tissues in the human body that possess intrinsic capacity to heal spontaneously. However, beyond a critical size defect, bone cannot heal by itself and surgical intervention is required. Numerous techniques are available for the management of these defects, including autogenous bone grafts, allografts, bone grafts substitutes, vascularized fibular bone grafts, distraction osteogenesis. In cases of severe bone loss, distraction osteogenesis could offer a viable and successful alternative.
Distraction osteogenesis is surgical process in which bone growth is mechanically induced by gradual distraction of broken bone segments and it is used for lengthen bones or to replace large segments of bone.
Gradual limb lengthening with external fixation techniques can result in less than optimal outcomes, with complications including infections and stiffness of knee joint. External circular fixators reduce radius of hip movement, while successful implementation requires surgical expertise.
Main subject of this paper is design of femoral lengthening intramedullary device. Such design reduces soft tissue injury, risk of infections and stiffness of knee and hip joints in postoperative period. Problems of currently available intramedullary devices were addressed as well as demands for the new intramedullary device and new concept was methodically developed. Advantages of new concept are high load carrying capacity, simple usage, and reduced risk of fractures during implant insertion and in postoperative period.

• Keywords: femur; distrakcijska osteogeneza; intramedularni implantat
• Keywords (english): femur; distraction osteogenesis; intramedullary implant
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:684501
• Study programme: Title: Mechanical Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-05-22 16:37:41