Biomehanika koljena - etiologija poremećaja i prijedlozi konstrukcijskih rješenja

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Biomechanics of the knee - etiology of disorders and suggestions for design solutions
• Author: Monika Dević
• Mentor: Aleksandar Sušić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-02-29, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mechanical Engineering; General Mechanical Engineering (Construction)

Abstract

Koljeni zglob najveći je i najsloženiji zglob u ljudskom tijelu. Njegova funkcionalna stabilnost osigurana je zajedničkim djelovanjem zglobnih tijela, ligamenata, meniska i okolnih mišića. Pojavom nestabilnosti u samo jednoj od navedenih struktura dolazi do poremećaja same funkcije koljena.
U radu je razmatrana anatomija i biomehanika koljena te su opisani najvažniji dijelovi koljena. U nastavku je opisana etiologija poremećaja patele – nestabilnosti patele nastale u mediolateralnom smjeru (luksacija, subluksacija) te nestabilnosti patele u proksimalno - distalnom smjeru (patella alta i patella infera), zatim je prikazana etiologija hondromalacije patele, gonartoze kao i etiologija genu varum – deformacija koljena poznatija kao i „O“ noge, genu valgus („X“ noge) te etiologija rupture ligamenata (prednjeg i stražnjeg križnog ligamenta te medijalnog i lateralnog kolateralnog ligamenta). Nakon toga provedena je analiza tržišta, u smislu konstrukcijskih rješenja koja pomažu pri oporavku od ozljeda koljena, te je proveden kratak osvrt o njihovoj učinkovitosti i kvaliteti.
Zglob koljena je, nažalost, jedan od najčešće ozljeđivanih zglobova ljudskog tijela, što bi značilo da je konstrukcijskih rješenja za ovaj problem mnogo, no činjenica da se stalno pojavljuju novi proizvodi na tržištu znači da svi problemi nisi riješeni.

Abstract (english)

The knee joint is the largest and most complex joint in the human body. Its functional stability is ensured by the joint action of body joints, ligaments, meniscus and surrounding muscles. The appearance of instability in just one of the above-mentioned structures leads to disruption of the knee function itself.
In this paper the anatomy and biomechanics of the knee is discussed and the most important parts of the knee are described. In the following is described the etiology of patellar disorders - instability of the patella in the mediolateral direction (luxation, subluxation) and instability of the patella in the proximal-distal direction (patella alta and patella infera), as well as the etiology of chondromalacia of the patella, gonarthrosis, genu varum - knee deformation better known as "O" legs, genu valgus ("X" legs) and the etiology of ligament rupture (anterior and posterior cruciate ligament and medial and lateral collateral ligament). Furthermore, an analysis of the market was carried out, in terms of structural solutions that help in recovery from knee injuries, and a brief review of their effectiveness and quality was carried out.
The knee joint is, unfortunately, one of the most frequently injured joints of the human body, which would mean that there are many structural solutions to this problem, but the fact that new products are constantly appearing on the market means that not all problems have been solved.

• Keywords: koljeno; biomehanika; etiologija; poremećaj funkcije; konstrukcijska rješenja
• Keywords (english): knee; biomechanics; etiology; functional disorder; construction solutions
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:605754
• Study programme: Title: Mechanical Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-02-27 10:26:21