Koncept iskorištavanja biootpada za proizvodnju biometana

master's thesis

• Title (english): Biowaste utilization for biomethane production
• Author: Petar Rohlik
• Mentor: Neven Duić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mechanical Engineering; Process Energy Engineering

Abstract

Zadnjih par godina dolaze do velikog izražaja problemi s gospodarenjem otpadom. S obzirom na to u ovom radu će biti predloženo jedno rješenje pomoću kojega se može riješiti problem kućanskog otpada (biološke komponente) grada Zagreba pomoću bioplinskog postrojenja sa poboljšanjem plina. U radu će biti objašnjen cijelokupan proces dobivanja biometana od biootpada. Prvo će biti objašnjene faze nastajanja bioplina (hidroliza, acidogeneza, acetogeneza i metanogeneza), te ukratko navedeni i objašnjeni parametri koju su značajni za neometanu proizvodnju bioplina kao što su temperatura, pH, tlak, itd. Nakon toga bit će nabrojane i objašnjene komponente bioplinskog postrojenja te načini na koji se dobiveni bioplin može pročistiti. Velika pažnja u ovom radu bit će posvećena postupcima poboljšavanja bioplina u svrhu povećavanja udjela metana na iznad 95% udjela u plinu tj. dobivanju biometana te će bit opisani mogući postupci za iskorištavanje dobivenog biometana. Za promatrani slučaj izabrano je da će se dobiveni biometan koristiti za pogon gradskih autobusa u Zagrebu. U radu će biti analizirane količine, tipovi i sastav dostupnih sirovina u gradu Zagrebu koje su pogodne za anaerobnu digestiju te će na temelju tih podataka biti izračunat i ukupni energetski potencijal koji se može ostvariti. Na temelju tih podataka dimenzionirati će se postrojenje koje je potrebno za obradu te količine supstrata tj. proizvodnju biometana i uz to će se prikazati i ekonomska isplativost postrojenja za različite slučajeve da bi se prikazala stabilnost investicije tj. provjere uvjeti pri kojima će investicija biti isplativa, a isto tako i kako će se ponašati ukoliko dođe do pada cijene. Na kraju rada je napravljena i analiza smanjenja emisija štetnih plinova tj. prikazan je povoljan utjecaj bioplinskog postrojenja na ekosustav.

Abstract (english)

In the last couple of years waste disposal problems have become rather prominent. Regarding that this thesis will offer one solution to deal with the problem of household waste (biodegradable component) of the City of Zagreb by a biogas plant with biogas upgrading. The entire process of getting bio methane from bio waste will be explained in this thesis. The stages of getting biogas (hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis) will be explained first and the parameters which are key for the undisrupted production of biogas such as temperature, pH pressure, etc. will be briefly stated and explained. After that the components of the biogas plant will be listed and explained together with the means by which the produced biogas can be purified. In this thesis great attention shall be given to ways of upgrading biogas to increase the methane share above 95% share in the gas that is to say getting biomethane, possible methods of the utilization of the produced biomethane will also be described. In this case the produced biomethane will be used to power the city buses in Zagreb. In this thesis, quantity, types and composition of the available raw materials in the City of Zagreb which are suitable for anaerobic digestion will be analysed and according to that data the complete achievable energy potential will be calculated. According to the data a plant which is needed to process that quantity of the substrates that is the production of biomethane will be dimensioned and the case study of the plant for different cases will be shown to present the stability of the investment that is to check the conditions by which the investment will be cost-effective and to show what will happen in case the prices drop. At the end of the thesis an analysis of the reduction of the greenhouse gasses emission has been made and a favourable effect of the biogas plant on the eco system has been shown.

• Keywords: biološka komponenta komunalnog otpada; anaerobna digestija; bioplinsko postrojenje; bioplin; poboljšavanje bioplina; biometan; iskorištavanje biometana; ekonomska isplativost; štetne emisije
• Keywords (english): biodegredable component of municipal solid waste; anaerobic digestion; biogas plant; biogas; biogas upgradeing; biomethane; utilization of biomethane; case study; green house gasses emissions
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:127529
• Study programme: Title: Mechanical Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-05-22 16:51:24