Utjecaj aerodinamičkog paketa na otpor zraka tegljača s poluprikolicom

master's thesis

• Title (english): Influence of aerodynamic package on the air drag of tractor with semi-trailer
• Author: Domagoj Goleš
• Mentor: Momir Sjerić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2025-02-10, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mechanical Engineering; General Mechanical Engineering (Construction)

Abstract

Otpori gibanja teretnih vozila jedna su od glavnih stavki promatranja energetske učinkovitosti cestovnog prometa. Dio tih otpora vezan je za strujanje zraka oko i kroz vozilo pod skupnim nazivom otpori zraka. Smanjenjem otpora uzrokovanih gibanjem kroz zrak poboljšava se energetska učinkovitost goriva/vozila uz smanjenje negativnog utjecaja na okoliš. Računalna mehanika fluida (CFD – Computational Fluid Dynamics) pruža mogućnost ekonomičnije analize strujanja i stanja fluida oko vozila/u vozilu te optimizaciju aerodinamičkih komponenti koje utječu na strujanje.
Istraživanje je započeto provođenjem 2D analize strujanja oko vozila kao početnog koraka u razumijevanju aerodinamičkih pojava, nakon čega je provedena detaljnija 3D analiza s ciljem sveobuhvatnijeg uvida u složene strujne karakteristike u okolini vozila. U radu je uz objašnjenje različitih varijabli koje utječu na otpore strujanja detaljnije promotren faktor otpora zraka Cd. Provedena je analiza različitih nadogradnih elemenata na europski tegljač s poluprikolicom s ciljem smanjenja faktora otpora. CFD analize provedene su radi provjere utjecaja parametara varijacija pojedine vrste nadogradnog elementa kao i njegov generalni učinak u realnim uvjetima. Analiza je provedena s elementima (krovni spojler kabine, bočne oplate kabine, stražnja krilca poluprikolice itd.) koji su postavljeni na nekoliko kritičnih regija tegljača i poluprikolice.
Rezultatima je pokazano kako se ispravnim oblikovanjem pojedinih konstrukcijskih dijelova može uvelike utjecati na smanjenje faktora Cd, a posljedično tome i smanjenju potrošnje goriva. Analiza rezultata daje odličan uvid na događanja oko vozila i ponašanja zraka kroz koje se vozilo giba.

Abstract (english)

Resistance to motion of heavy-duty vehicles is one of the key aspects in assessing the energy efficiency of road transport. A portion of this resistance is related to the airflow around and through the vehicle, collectively referred to as aerodynamic drag. By reducing the drag caused by movement through the air, fuel and overall vehicle energy efficiency can be improved, while simultaneously reducing the negative environmental impact. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) provides a cost-effective means of analyzing fluid flow and conditions around and within the vehicle, enabling the optimization of aerodynamic components that influence airflow.
The research began with a 2D flow analysis around the vehicle as an initial step in understanding aerodynamic phenomena, followed by a more detailed 3D analysis to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the complex flow characteristics in the vehicle's surroundings. In addition to explaining various variables affecting aerodynamic resistance, the study provides a detailed examination of the drag coefficient (Cd). An analysis of different aerodynamic addon components for a European semi – trailer truck was conducted with the goal of reducing drag. CFD simulations were carried out to evaluate the influence of parameter variations of individual aerodynamic components, as well as their overall effect under real-world conditions. The analysis was performed on components such as the cabin roof deflector, cabin side fairings and rear trailer flaps, which were positioned in several critical regions of the tractor-trailer unit.
The results demonstrated that proper design of specific structural elements can significantly reduce the Cd factor and, consequently, lower fuel consumption. The analysis results provide valuable insight into the aerodynamic behavior around the vehicle and the airflow through which the vehicle moves.

• Keywords: aerodinamika; tegljač s poluprikolicom; faktor otpora zraka; računalna mehanika fluida (CFD); nadogradni aero elementi
• Keywords (english): aerodynamics; european semi-trailer truck; drag coefficient; computational fluid dynamics (CFD); erodynamic add-on devices
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:998260
• Study programme: Title: Mechanical Engineering; specializations in: Design, Process and Energy Engineering, Production Engineering, Engineering Modelling and Computer Simulation, Marine Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Management, Materials Engineering, Mechanics and Robotics, Autonomous Systems, Mechatronics and Robotics; Course: Design; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva (sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2025-01-30 20:12:03