Natural ventilation of airport buildings in a rural area

master's thesis

• Title (croatian): Prirodna ventilacija zgrada u zračnoj luci u ruralnom području
• Author: Matko Jelašić
• Mentor: Hrvoje Kozmar (mentor)
• Mentor: Christoph Irrenfried https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7694-7848 (komentor)
• Committee member: Milan Vrdoljak (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Darko Ivančević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dario Zlatar (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zvonimir Guzović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-03-30, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Aviation, Rocket and Space Technology; Aviation Technology and Maintenance

Abstract

Natural ventilation is the process of changing the air in the room without using ventilation devices. Supply of fresh air is carried out using the air pressure difference. The difference in air pressure occurs due to the influence of wind or buoyancy created due to the difference in air temperature. The need to supply the room with fresh air is important because of the human need for oxygen. Natural ventilation enables an economical distribution of air in the room compared to the use of ventilation devices. Such an approach to innovative room ventilation solutions is in line with the global initiative to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Laboratory experiments were carried out in the boundary layer wind tunnel of the Graz University of Technology, Austria. The aim was to analyze the parameters that influence the natural ventilation of buildings in airports. As airports are mostly located outside urban areas, before laboratory measurements on building models, it was necessary to simulate the air flow similar to the rural atmospheric boundary layer. Building models in various configurations were exposed to the rural atmospheric boundary layer model to assess the natural ventilation of building models. The intensity of ventilation is expressed using the ACH parameter (air change rate). The measuring equipment included a hot-wire anemometer and a device for measuring gas concentration using an infrared sensor to determine the ACH. For the cubic building model, ACH was higher in the cross-ventilation experiments than for the single-sided ventilation of building models. The maximum ACH in the cross-ventilation experiments was obtained at the 15° flow incidence angle and at 75° for the single-sided ventilation of building models. The ACH for building models does not differ noticeably from the models without a roof. The higher the air flow velocity and the greater the angle of inclination of the windows, the higher ACH was obtained for hangar models with ceiling windows.

Abstract (croatian)

Prirodna ventilacija proces je izmjene volumena zraka u prostoriji bez korištenja ventilacijskih uređaja. Dobava svježeg zraka se provodi pomoću razlike tlaka zraka u različitim zonama. Do razlike tlaka zraka dolazi zbog utjecaja vjetra ili uzgona koji se stvara zbog razlike u temperaturi zraka. Potreba za opskrbom prostorije svježim zrakom je važna zbog ljudske potrebe za kisikom. Prirodna ventilacija omogućuje ekonomičnu raspodjelu zraka u prostoriji u odnosu na korištenje ventilacijskih uređaja. Takav pristup inovacijskim rješenjima ventilacije prostorija u skladu je s globalnom inicijativom za smanjenje ovisnosti o fosilnim gorivima. U ovom radu su provedeni laboratorijski eksperimenti u zračnom tunelu Tehničkog sveučilišta u Grazu, Austrija. Cilj je analiza varijabli koje utječu na prirodnu ventilaciju zgrada u zračnim lukama. Kako su zračne luke uglavnom smještene izvan urbanih zona potrebno je prije laboratorijskih mjerenja modelirati strujanje zraka u skladu s ruralnim atmosferskim graničnim slojem. Modelu ruralnog atmosferskog graničnog sloja su izloženi modeli zgrada u različitim konfiguracijama s ciljem određivanja prirodne ventilacije zgrada. Intenzitet ventilacije se iskazuje pomoću ACH parametra (eng. air change rate). Mjerna oprema uključuje užarenu žicu i Prandtl-Pitotovu cijev za mjerenje brzine strujanja zraka te uređaj za mjerenje koncentracije plina pomoću infracrvenog senzora za određivanje ACH. Za osnovni model zgrade oblika kocke izmjena zraka pokazuje više vrijednosti u slučaju obostrane ventilacije nego u slučaju jednostrane ventilacije. Kut nastrujavanja kod kojeg se postiže najviši ACH iznosi 75° u slučaju jednostrane te 15° u slučaju obostrane ventilacije. Rezultati prirodne ventilacije modela zgrade s različitim konfiguracijama krova ne ukazuju na značajna odstupanja od modela zgrade bez krova. Modeli hangara s krovnim prozorima postižu više vrijednosti izmjene zraka što je viša brzina nastrujavanja zraka i što je veći kut nagiba prozora.

• Keywords: Environmental and structural aerodynamics; rural area; airport; natural building ventilation; laboratory experiments.
• Keywords (croatian): Aerodinamika okoliša i konstrukcija; ruralno područje; zračna luka; prirodna ventilacija zgrade; laboratorijski eksperimenti.
• Language: english
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:700813
• Study programme: Title: Aeronautical Studies; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka zrakoplovnog inženjerstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka zrakoplovnog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Embargoed access; Embargo expiration date: 2025-03-30
• Created on: 2023-03-26 20:39:16