Energijsko modeliranje zgrade gotovo nulte energije na primjeru školske ustanove

master's thesis

• Title (english): Energy modeling of nearly-zero energy building on the example of a school building
• Author: Lucija Magdić
• Mentor: Tea Žakula (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-07-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mechanical Engineering; Process Energy Engineering

Abstract

U radu je modeliran i simuliran rad sustava grijanja, hlađenja te proizvodnje električne energije nZEB (zgrade gotovo nulte energije) obrazovne ustanove, čija je korisna površina 1590 m2. Satne potrebne energije za grijanje i hlađenje izračunate su korištenjem računalnog programa TRNSYS, pri čemu godišnja potrebna energija iznosi 16 kWh/m2a za grijanje i 22 kWh/m2a za hlađenje. U TRNSYS-u je također modelirana aktivna betonska jezgra koja u zgradi predstavlja sustav predaje toplinske i rashladne energije. Nakon analize rada sličnih sustava u praksi, odabrana je temperatura polaza vode za grijanje od 30°C, a za hlađenje 17°C. U idućem koraku je na temelju podataka dobivenih od proizvođača modeliran rad dizalice topline zrak – voda kao sustava za proizvodnju toplinske i rashladne energije. Dobivena je jednadžba kojom se izračunavaju vrijednosti COP-a i EER-a dizalice topline pri bilo kojim radnim uvjetima. Specifično, poznavajući temperaturu polaza vode, temperaturu okoliša i djelomično opterećenje dizalice topline, jednadžbom je moguće u svakom satu u godini izračunati COP, EER te potrošnju električne energije dizalice topline. Na godišnjoj razini ta potrošnja iznosi 9 kWh/m2a. Zadnji korak bilo je modeliranje sustava proizvodnje električne energije, odnosno, fotonaponskih panela. Optimiran je nagib panela kojim će se proizvesti najviše električne energije. Optimalan nagib panela iznosi 25°, pri kojem se proizvodi 124 kWh/m2a električne energije. Nakon toga je optimizirana površina panela, s ciljem izračuna površine koju je potrebno instalirati za postizanje standarda zgrade nulte potrošnje energije (zgrada čija je potrošnja jednaka proizvodnji energije). Za analizirani sustav ta površina iznosi 111 m2.

Abstract (english)

The scope of this thesis includes the modelling and simulation of a heating and cooling system operation of a nZEB (nearly zero energy building) educational institution, as well as the on-site electricity production. The net surface of the analyzed building is 1590 m2. Hourly heating and cooling demands have been calculated in TRNSYS, with the annual heating demand of 16 kWh/m2a, and cooling demand of 22 kWh/m2a. A thermally-active building system has also been modeled in TRNSYS, and it represents a heating/cooling energy emitter in the building. Based on the analysis of similar systems in practice, the supply water temperature has been set to 30°C for heating and 17°C for cooling. Furthermore, an air – water heat pump, which represents a heating/cooling energy production system, has been modeled. The model is based on the data from the heat pump manufacturer. The model has resulted in an equation that calculates the COP and the EER for any operating condition. Specifically, if the supply water temperature, ambient temperature and a heat pump part-load ratio are known, it is possible to calculate the COP, the EER and the electricity consumption for each hour in a year. For the analyzed system, the heat pump annual electricity consumption is 9 kWh/m2a. Finally, photovoltaic panels have been modeled as an on-site electricity production system. The panel slope has been optimized so that it enables the maximum electricity production. With the optimal slope of 25° the system produces 124 kWh/m2a of electricity. The panel surface has also been optimized, with the goal of finding the surface area needed to achieve the net-zero energy standard (the energy consumption equal to the energy production of a building). For the analyzed system that surface is 111 m2.

• Keywords: nZEB; grijanje; hlađenje; aktivna betonska jezgra; dizalica topline; fotonaponski paneli
• Keywords (english): nZEB; heating; cooling; thermally-active building system; heat pump; photovoltaic panels
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:399668
• Study programme: Title: Mechanical Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-07-15 07:24:27