Analiza uštede stakleničkih plinova ostvarene korištenjem industrijskih ostataka i nusproizvoda za proizvodnju bioplina

master's thesis

• Title (english): Analysis of greenhouse gas savings achieved through utilization of industrial residues and by-products for biogas production
• Author: Dominik Rašić
• Mentor: Tomislav Pukšec (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-04-01, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mechanical Engineering; Process Energy Engineering

Abstract

Bioplin je obnovljivi izvor energije i može se proizvesti iz velikog broja sirovina organskog porijekla postupkom anaerobne digestije. Primjena bioplina je velika, može se koristiti u proizvodnji električne i toplinske energije ili transportu. Rastom broja instaliranih bioplinskih postrojenja, te ograničavanjem korištenja kukuruzne silaže u proizvodnji bioplina javlja se potreba za sve većim izvorima sirovina pogodnih za proizvodnju bioplina. Ograničava se korištenje silaža kukuruza u proizvodnji bioplina zbog direktne promjene namjene poljoprivrednog zemljišta. U ovom radu istražuje se potencijal proizvodnje bioplina iz industrijskih ostataka i nusproizvoda. Industrijski ostatci i nusproizvodi zastupljeni u ovom radu su oni nastali u vinarijama, pivovarama, uljarama, mljekarama, šećerani i tvornici prerade povrća. Provedeno je mapiranje u Geografskom informacijskom sustavu (GIS) tehničkog potencijala ostataka i nusproizvoda i potencijala proizvodnje bioplina. Na temelju karte potencijala bioplina, određene su potencijalne lokacije za izgradnju bioplinskih postrojenja za koja se sukladno metodi navedenoj u Direktivi 2018/2001 računaju emisije i uštede emisija stakleničkih plinova nastalih proizvodnjom električne i toplinske energije iz bioplina dobivenog digestijom industrijskih ostataka. Studija slučaja temeljena je na mapiranju biopotencijala industrijskih ostataka i nusproizvoda Republike Hrvatske. Razmatrano je ukupno 192 industrijska postrojenja te je određeno 10 optimalnih lokacija potencijalnih bioplinskih postrojenja. Za određena bioplinska postrojenja izračunate su uštede emisija stakleničkih plinova. Direktiva nalaže uštede emisija stakleničkih plinova pri proizvodnji električne energije od 70 % za postrojenja puštena u pogon od 2021. godine te 80 % za pogone koji će biti pušteni u pogon nakon 1. siječnja 2026. godine. Ekonomskom analizom pokazani su specifični troškovi otkupa i prijevoza ostataka i nusproizvoda za proizvodnju bioplina. Rezultati pokazuju da u najvećem broju slučajeva korištenje industrijskih ostataka i nusproizvoda zadovoljava kriterije koje nalaže Direktiva. U nekim od studija slučaja, tražene uštede nisu ostvarene u slučaju monodigestije biološkog mulja i sirutke nastalih u mljekarskoj industriji zbog manjeg tehnološkog potencijala koji je rezultirao potkapacitiranim transportom te nižom energetskom gustoćom ostataka. Raspon ušteda emisija u kodigestiji ostataka u proizvodnji električne energije je između 84,83 i 89,97 %, a za proizvodnju toplinske energije raspon ušteda emisija stakleničkih plinova je između 92,14 i 94,80 %.

Abstract (english)

Biogas is a renewable energy source and can be produced from many raw organic materials during anaerobic digestion. The application of biogas is extensive; it can be used to produce electrical and thermal energy or as a fuel in transport. With the growth of the number of installed biogas plants and the restriction of the use of corn silage in biogas production, there is a need for novel sources of raw materials suitable for biogas production. The use of maize silage in biogas production is limited due to a direct change of the land use. This thesis investigates the potential of biogas production from industrial residues and by-products. The industrial residues and by-products represented in this thesis are those produced in wineries, breweries, oil mills, dairies, sugar factories, and vegetable processing plants. Mapping in the Geographic Information System (GIS) of the technical potential of residues and by-products and biogas production's potential was performed. Based on the biogas potential map, potential locations for the installation of biogas plants have been determined for which, in accordance with the method specified in Directive 2018/2001, greenhouse gas emissions and savings from electricity and heat production from biogas obtained by digestion of industrial residues are calculated. The case study is based on the mapping of biopotentials of industrial residues and by-products of the Republic of Croatia. A total of 192 industrial plants were considered, and ten optimal locations of potential biogas plants were determined. Greenhouse gas emission savings have been calculated for determined biogas plants. The Directive requires savings in greenhouse gas emissions for electricity, heating and cooling production from biomass fuels of 70% for plants starting operation from 2021 and 80% for plants that will start into operation after 1 January 2026. The economic analysis shows the specific costs of purchase and transportation of residues and by-products for biogas production. The results show that the use of industrial residues and by-products meets the criteria required by the Directive in most cases. In some of the case studies, the required savings were not achieved in the case of monodigestion of biological sludge and whey generated in the dairy industry due to lower technological potential resulting in under-capacitated transport and lower energy density of residues. The range of emission savings in residue co-digestion in electricity production is between 84.83 and 89.97%, and for heat production, the range of greenhouse gas emission savings is between 92.14 and 94.80%.

• Keywords: industrijski ostatci; bioplin; potencijal bioplina; GIS; emisije
• Keywords (english): industrial residues; biogas; potencial of biogas; GIS; emissions
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:534511
• Project: Number: IP-2019-04-9482; Title: Istraživanje puteva energetske tranzicije - međuovisnost "power-to-X" tehnologija, tehnologija odgovora potrošnje i povezivanja tržišta energijom; Title: Investigating energy transition pathways - interrelation between power-to-X, demand response and market coupling; Acronym: INTERENERGY; Leader: Neven Duić; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: HRZZ; Funding stream: IP
• Study programme: Title: Mechanical Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-03-30 12:46:36