Konstrukcija instrumenta za pripremu površina totalne endoproteze koljena

master's thesis

• Title (english): Design of surface preparation instrument for total knee arthroplasty
• Author: Tomislav Punčec
• Mentor: Aleksandar Sušić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-01-26, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mechanical Engineering; Production Mechanical Engineering

Abstract

Operacija koljena ne spada u rizične operacije i ne traje dugo, ali zahtjeva opsežnu pripremu. Naime, pozicioniranje alata za pripremu površina kostiju traje duže nego ugradnja same endoproteze.
Da bi operacija bila uspješna potrebno je postići neutralno poravnanje osi noge s adekvatnom napetošću unutar zgloba. Osim toga, izlaganjem rane povećava se rizik od infekcije pa je vrlo važno da se operacija izvede u što kraćem roku.
Rad je podijeljen na četiri dijela. Prvi dio prikazuje endoproteze i anatomiju koljena s osvrtom na biomehaniku i naglaskom na željene geometrijske i kinematičke karakteristike. Nakon upoznavanja s problematikom u drugom dijelu je provedeno istraživanje tržišta i izlučeni su zahtjevi koje instrument treba ispuniti, a potom su definirani ciljevi razvoja. U dijelu koncipiranja proizvod je oblikovan funkcijski nakon čega su generirani koncepti s prijedlogom poboljšanja u odnosu na postojeća rješenja i obavljeno je njihovo vrednovanje. Na temelju navedenog izvršena je konstrukcijska razrada konačnog rješenja.
U radu je napravljena konstrukcija instrumenta čija upotreba skraćuje trajanje operacije olakšanom evaluacijom poravnanja osi potkoljenice i natkoljenice. Također, postignut je i cilj umanjenja utjecaja ljudskog faktora prilikom određivanja napetosti u zglobu na način da se primijenjena sila ograniči konstrukcijom. U današnjoj praksi napetost zgloba se određuje temeljem iskustva kirurga što često dovodi do pogrešaka koje uzrokuju bol nakon ugradnje, narušenu kinematiku kretnji te nestabilnost endoproteze kao krajnji rezultat.

Abstract (english)

The knee operation is not considered a risky operation and does not last long, however it does require extensive preparation. Namely, the positioning of the tool for bone surface preparation takes longer than the endoprosthesis installation itself.
For the operation to be successful it is necessary to achieve neutral alignment of the foot axis with adequate tension within the joint. Furthermore, exposure of the wound increases the risk of infection, thus it is very important that the operation is performed as soon as possible.
The paper is divided into four parts. The first part is consisted of an overview of endoprosthesis and anatomy of the knee with a review of biomechanics and emphasis on the desired geometric and kinematic characteristics. After introduction of the problem, market research was conducted in the second part deriving the requirements that the instrument should meet, followed by development goals. In the design part, the product was functionally shaped, followed by concepts created with the aim to propose an improvement in regards to the existing solutions, which were then evaluated. Based on the aforementioned, the structural development of the final solution was performed.
In this paper, an instrument construction was made, the usage of which shortens the duration of the operation by facilitating the evaluation of alignment of lower and upper leg axis. Also, the goal of reducing the human factor impact when determining joint tension was achieved by limiting the applied force with construction. In today's practice, joint tension is determined on the basis of surgeon experience, which often leads to errors that cause pain after implantation, disturbed motion kinematics and endoprosthesis instability as the end result.

• Keywords: koljeno; artroplastika; endoproteza; pozicioniranje; instrument
• Keywords (english): knee; arthroplasty; endoprosthesis; positioning; instrument
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:765940
• Study programme: Title: Mechanical Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access; Embargo expiration date: 2020-01-26
• Created on: 2019-05-22 21:24:51