Značajke mikrostrukture zida od aluminijske legure 6063 načinjenog aditivnom proizvodnjom električnim lukom i žicom

master's thesis

• Title (english): Characteristics of wall microstructure of 6063 aluminium alloy made by wire arc additive manufacturing
• Author: Ivan Vukić
• Mentor: Ivica Garašić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-12-05, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mechanical Engineering; Production Mechanical Engineering

Abstract

Aditivna proizvodnja električnim lukom i žicom (WAAM) je postupak proizvodnje koji se koristi za proizvodnju ili popravljanje metalnih dijelova taloženjem materijala sloj po sloj. Za izvođenje WAAM postupka se koristi oprema za zavarivanje. U WAAM postupku je moguće primjenjivati veliki broj metalnih materijala, npr. ugljični čelik, titanijeve legure, aluminijske legure itd. Kod WAAM postupka s primjenom aluminijskih legura kao dodatnog materijala mogu nastati određene nepravilnosti, npr. pore i neodgovarajuća mikrostruktura dobivenog proizvoda.
U teorijskom dijelu je opisana aditivna proizvodnja i specifični postupak aditivne proizvodnje električnim lukom i žicom. Navedene su varijante WAAM postupka s naglaskom na WAAM MIG postupku i inačicama tog postupka s posebnim naglaskom na WAAM AC MIG postupku. Opisana je primjena aluminija u WAAM MIG postupku, navedene su nepravilnosti i neodgovarajuća mikrostruktura kod primjene aluminija u WAAM postupku te je dana usporedba aluminijskih legura serije 5000 i 6000.
U eksperimentalnom dijelu je proizvedeno šest uzoraka postupkom aditivne proizvodnje električnim lukom i žicom koristeći dodatni materijal, žicu izrađenu iz aluminijske legure 6063. Pri izradi tri uzorka je korišten argon kao zaštitni plin, a pri izradi ostalih uzoraka je korištena kombinacija argona i 15% helija. Pet uzoraka je izrađeno s WAAM AC MIG postupkom s različitim balansom polariteta, a jedan uzorak je izrađen s WAAM MIG postupkom s istosmjernom strujom. Provedena je kemijska analiza XRF uređajem čime je dobiven kemijski sastav različitih dijelova uzoraka. Provedenom usporedbom uzoraka po kemijskom sastavu se ustanovila sličnost u kemijskom sastavu uzoraka izrađenih AC MIG postupkom te znatna razlika u kemijskom sastavu uzorka izrađenog MIG postupkom s istosmjernom strujom, također najviše je varirao udio magnezija kod različitih uzoraka. Analizirana je mikrostruktura na svjetlosnom mikroskopu za tri uzorka izrađenih s WAAM AC MIG postupkom s različitim balansima polariteta. Također, prikazana je i promjena mikrostrukture s porastom visine zida uzoraka te su analizirane uočene nepravilnosti.

Abstract (english)

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a production process used to manufacture or repair metal parts by depositing materials layer by layer. WAAM process utilizes welding equipment. A wide range of metallic materials can be used in the WAAM process, such as carbon steel, titanium alloys, aluminium alloys, etc. The use of aluminum alloys as a filler material in the WAAM process can result in certain defects, such as porosity and an inadequate microstructure in the final product.
The theoretical section describes additive manufacturing and the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process. Variants of the WAAM process are outlined, with a focus on the WAAM MIG process and its variations, especially the WAAM AC MIG process. The use of aluminum in the WAAM MIG process was also discussed, including defects and unsuitable microstructures associated with aluminum use in WAAM and a comparison of 5000 and 6000 series aluminum alloys was provided.
In the experimental section, six samples were produced using the WAAM process with metal inert gas welding, with aluminum alloy 6063 as the filler material. Three samples were produced using argon as the shielding gas, while the other samples were welded using a combination of argon and 15% helium. Five samples were produced using the WAAM AC GMAW process with different polarity balances, and one sample was made using the WAAM GMAW process with direct current. Chemical analysis was conducted using an XRF device, determining the chemical composition of different parts of the samples. Comparison of the chemical compositions of samples revealed similarities among the samples produced using the AC GMAW process and a significant difference in the chemical composition of the sample produced using the GMAW process with direct current, with the most notable variation being in the magnesium content across samples. The microstructure of three samples produced using the WAAM AC GMAW process with argon as the shielding gas and with different polarity balances was analyzed with a light microscope, changes in the microstructure with increasing wall height of the samples and identified defects were observed.

• Keywords: aditivna proizvodnja električnim lukom i žicom- WAAM; aluminijska legura 6063; AC MIG; kemijski sastav; mikrostruktura
• Keywords (english): Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing- WAAM; aluminum alloy 6063; AC GMAW; chemical composition; microstructure; porosity
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:958994
• Project: Number: IP-2022-10-9298; Title: Pouzdane metode za proračun aluminijskih konstrukcija koje odgovaraju zahtjevima budućnosti; Title: Reliable design methods for aluminium structures fit for the future requirements; Acronym: REAL-fit; Leader: Davor Skejić; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: Hrvatska zaklada za znanost; Funding stream: Research Projects
• Study programme: Title: Mechanical Engineering; specializations in: Design, Process and Energy Engineering, Production Engineering, Engineering Modelling and Computer Simulation, Marine Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Management, Materials Engineering, Mechanics and Robotics, Autonomous Systems, Mechatronics and Robotics; Course: Production Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva (sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Embargoed access; Embargo expiration date: 2026-12-05
• Created on: 2024-12-04 14:56:08