Title Biodizel u prometu kao čimbenik održivog razvoja u Republici Hrvatskoj Title (english) Biodiesel in the traffic as a factor of sustainable development in the Republic of Croatia Author Tomislav Virkes305659775 Mentor Ivan Mahalec (mentor)Committee member Branimir Matijašević (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Ivan Mahalec (član povjerenstva)Committee member Zoran Lulić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Branko Tripalo (član povjerenstva)Committee member Dinko Sinčić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2008-02-22, Croatia Scientific / art field, TECHNICAL SCIENCES Universal decimal classificationUDC ) 665 - Oils. Fats. Waxes. Adhesives. Gums. Resins 621 - Mechanical engineering. Nuclear technology. Machinery 629 - Transport vehicle engineering Abstract Korištenje obnovljivih izvora energije u skladu je s globalnom strategijom održivog razvoja. Korištenje biogoriva u prometu doprinosi povećanju sigurnosti opskrbe i smanjenju ovisnosti prometnog sektora o nafti, smanjenju udjela emisije stakleničkih plinova iz cestovnog prometa te podupiranju održivog razvoja ruralnih područja. Najvažnija sirovina za proizvodnju biodizela u Hrvatskoj je uljana repica. Otpadno jestivo ulje također je mogući izvor za proizvodnju biodizela, ali je potrebno unaprijediti njegovo prikupljanje. Prednost biogoriva (biodizel i bioetanol) u odnosu na druga alternativna goriva očituje se u korištenju u postojećim vozilima bez ikakvih ili s malim modifikacijama postojećih motora, što ovisi o koncentraciji biogoriva u mješavini s fosilnim gorivom. \Na Hrvatsku će se pri ulasku u EU primjenjivati odredbe Direktive 2003/30/EC o korištenju biogoriva ili ostalih obnovljivih goriva za transport, koje su već sada propisane Uredbom o kakvoći biogoriva (N.N. broj 178/2004). Prema tim odredbama 5,75% fosilnih goriva treba u 2010. godini zamijeniti obnovljivim gorivima. Hrvatska ta goriva može proizvoditi ili uvoziti. Korištenjem trenutno neobrađenih površina, uz pridržavanje plodoreda, moguće je zadovoljiti hrvatske potrebe za uljanom repicom za proizvodnju biodizela u sljedećih nekoliko godina. Izgrađena postrojenja i ona koja su u pripremi biti će za to dovoljna. Za daljnja povećanja udjela biogoriva na raspolaganju su velike količine još neiskorištene biomase. Proizvodna cijena domaćeg biodizela u postrojenju kapaciteta 30.000 t/godini iznosila je u trenutku dovršenja ovih analiza 4,26 kn/l, a cijena fosilnog dizelskog goriva 7,2 kn/l. Uzmu li se u obzir troškovi skladištenja, miješanja i distribucije, proizlazi da biodizel iz domaće proizvodnje treba osloboditi plaćanja trošarine i naknade za ceste, da bi po cijeni bio konkurentan fosilnom dizelu. Poticajne mjere Vlade usmjerene prema proizvodnji i primjeni biodizela u Republici Hrvatskoj moraju biti dobro promišljene zbog prednosti koje donose (smanjenje uvoza nafte, povećanje proizvodnje umjetnih goriva, smanjenje emisije stakleničkih plinova, povećanje zapošljavanja, povećanje količine kvalitetne stočne hrane, obradu trenutno neobrađene zemlje te razvoj apikulture). Kako se površine trenutno namijenjene proizvodnji hrane ne bi koristile za proizvodnju uljane repice namijenjene proizvodnji biogoriva, potrebno je uključiti kontrolu namjenskog korištenja poljoprivrednih površina. Samo pod tim uvjetom proizvodnja biodizela bit će pozitivnim čimbenikom održivog razvoja.
Abstract (english) The usage of sustainable energy sources is in accordance to the global strategy of sustainable development. The usage of biofuels in transport increases the safety of supply and reduces the dependence of the traffic sector on oil, reduction of greenhouse gas emission from the road transport, and support of the sustainable development of rural areas. The main feedstock for biodiesel manufacturing in Croatia is rapeseed oil. The used edible oil is also a possible source for the production of biodiesel so it is necessary to improve its collecting. Biofuel advantages (biodiesel and bioethanol) in relation to other alternative fuels can be seen in the usage of the existing vehicles with no or relatively slight modifications of existing vehicles, which depends on the concentration of biofuels in blend with fossil fuel. When Croatia enters to the EU will be applicable the provisions of the Directive 2003/30/EC on the promotion of the use of the biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport, which are already prescribed by the Regulation of the quality of biofuels (NN1 no. 178/2004). According to that provisions, 5,75% of the fossil fuels have to be substitute till end of year 2010 with renewable fuels. This fuels Croatia can produce or import. Using the temporarily set-aside land, respecting the crop rotation, it is possible to meet the Croatian needs for rapeseed oil in the next few years. The built plants and those which are in preparation will be sufficient for that. For additional increasing of biofuels share there are big quantities of unused biomass on disposal. Production cost of domestic made biodiesel in plant with capacity of 30.000 t/year, in the moment of finalisation of this analisys was 4,26 kn/l, and price of fossil diesel fuel was 7,2 kn/l. If we take to consideration costs of storage, mixing and distribution, result is that biodiesel from domestic production must be released from excise and road fees payment to be competitive to the price of fossil diesel. The Government incentives directed towards the production and usage of biodiesel in the Republic of Croatia have to be well-thought-of due to the advantages they bring (reduction of oil import, increase of fertilizer production, reduction of greenhouse gas emission, increase of employment, increase of the quantity of quality cattle feed, cultivation of the set-aside land, and the development of apiculture). Since the land which is temporarily used for the production of food would not be used for the production of oil rape intended for the production of biodiesel, it would be necessary to include the control of purpose usage of agricultural land. Only if this condition is met the production of biodiesel will be a factor of sustainable development.
Keywords
prometna goriva
biodizel
održivi razvoj
Keywords (english)
fuels
biodiesel
sustainable development
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:235:026778 Study programme Title: Mechanical Engineering - mr.sc. Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2021-02-01 09:23:33
