Title Integralni model za povećanje učinkovitosti javne vodoopskrbe Title (english) An integral model for increasing public water supply efficiency Author Davor Poljak Mentor Nedeljko Štefanić (mentor)Committee member Dragutin Lisjak (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Nedeljko Štefanić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Nedjeljko Perić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2020, Croatia Scientific / art field, TECHNICAL SCIENCES Universal decimal classificationUDC ) 628 - Public health engineering. Water. Sanitation. Illuminating engineering Abstract Javna vodoopskrba u suvremenom smislu riječi postoji tek 4.5 stoljeća. Preciznije, datira od 1544. godine, kad je engleski parlament donio zakon o osiguranju „bistre vode“ za građane Londona. Sredinom 19. stoljeća, pod utjecajem druge industrijske revolucije, gradovi se ubrzano razvijaju. Rastom broja stanovnika i gospodarskih aktivnosti raste i potreba za vodom. Razvoj vodoopskrbe dobiva snažan zamah u Zapadnoj Europi i Sjevernoj Americi. Do početka 20. stoljeća većina gradova ima dostatan pristup vodi zadovoljavajuće kvalitete. Ovaj je trend nastavljen do današnjih dana.
Ubrzanim rastom stanovništva, urbanizacijom, zagađenjem okoliša, te već prisutnim efektima klimatskih promjena sve je teže osigurati i održati dovoljne količine pitke vode. U referentnom dokumentu Europske komisije, voda je vrijedan prirodni resurs s kojim se mora upravljati na održiv način, a svi gubici ovog resursa trebaju uvijek biti minimizirani. Vodoopskrbne organizacije suočavaju se s izazovom uspostave ravnoteže između učinkovitosti distribucijskih vodoopskrbnih mreža i učinkovitosti u korištenju prirodnih, ljudskih, financijskih i drugih resursa, a odgovorne su za ostvarenje ciljeva održivog i učinkovitog poslovanja. Problem učinkovitosti i održivosti javne vodoopskrbe globalni je problem, a gubici vode generalno se smatraju važnim pitanjem.
To se posebno odnosi na razdoblje nakon 1996. godine, kada je u okviru međunarodne neprofitne organizacije za vodu IWA1 osnovana radna grupa WLTF2 za rješavanje pitanja gubitaka vode, sa zadaćom normiranja terminologije i procedura za obračun vode, te uvođenja dosljednih indikatora3 za procjenu upravljačke i financijske učinkovitosti vodoopskrbnih sustava. Gubici vode prisutni u svim vodoopskrbnim sustavima uzrokovani su nizom operativnih i procesnih razloga, a posebno zabrinjava činjenica da u većini vodoopskrbnih organizacija gubici vode s vremenom rastu ili drugim riječima učinkovitost tih organizacija opada. Vodoopskrbni sustavi postaju sve veći, sve stariji, te zbog toga posljedično i sve složeniji za nadzor, upravljanje i održavanje. Posljedica takvog stanja je kontinuirani rast negativnih pokazatelja poslovanja. Vodoopskrbne organizacije u nastojanjima da poboljšaju svoje
poslovanje koriste različite pristupe koji se uglavnom svode na sanaciju kvarova u borbi s gubicima vode.
Nakon desetak godina intenzivnih nastojanja i traženja rješenja za ostvarenje što boljeg rezultata ili napretka u borbi s gubicima vode, očekivani rezultati su izostali. Radna skupina WLTF zaključuje da nema značajnijeg pomaka u povećanju učinkovitosti vodoopskrbnih organizacija, te predlaže promjenu obrasca ponašanja i primjenu najnovijih znanja i dostignuća radi iznalaženja učinkovite metodologije za smanjenje gubitaka vode i željeni oporavak vodoopskrbnih sustava. Upravljanje gubicima vode bit će uspješno samo ako se uvodi kao dio cjelokupnog održivog paketa mjera definiranih dugoročnom strategijom.
U isto vrijeme, kada radna skupina nastoji pronaći rješenja za povećanje učinkovitosti javne vodoopskrbe, na globalnom gospodarskom polju pojavila su se dva nova, međusobno neovisna koncepta, koja unose značajna unaprjeđenja u poslovanje gospodarskih subjekata. Koncepti Lean i Green menadžmenta i Industrije 4.0 postaju imperativi uspješnosti poslovanja i ne zaobilazni su dio proizvodne okoline ali i vodeće proizvodne strategije u svijetu.
Povezujući ova tri koncepta u jedinstveni integralni model WALEGRIN 4.0, napravljen je model koji će unaprijediti procese upravljanja vodoopskrbnim sustavom i vodoopskrbnom organizacijom. Primjenom načela Lean & Green menadžmenta, te digitalizacijom poslovanja temeljenom na novim ICT tehnologijama, poboljšane su postojeće metode za učinkovito upravljanje vodoopskrbom. Integralni model upravljanja sustavom javne vodoopskrbe WALEGRIN 4.0 jedinstveno je rješenje problema povećanja učinkovitosti, a može se primijeniti na svaku organizaciju javne vodoopskrbe.
Abstract (english) Public water supply in the modern sense of the word exists only 4.5 centuries. More precisely, it dates back to 1544, when the English Parliament passed a law on "clear water" supply for London citizens. In the mid-19th century, under the influence of the second industrial revolution, cities are rapidly evolving. The increase in the number of inhabitants and economic activities also increases the water demand. Water supply development is gaining momentum in Western Europe and North America. Until the beginning of the 20th century, most cities have sufficient access to the water with satisfying quality. This trend has continued to this day.
With accelerated population growth, urbanization, environmental pollution, and already present effects of climate change, it is increasingly difficult to ensure and maintain sufficient quantities of drinking water. In the European Commission's reference document, water is a valuable natural resource to be managed in a sustainable manner, and all the losses of this resource should always be minimized. Water supply organizations face the challenge of establishing a balance between the efficiency of water supply networks and the efficiency of using natural, human, financial and other resources and are responsible for achieving the goals of a sustainable and efficient business. The problem of efficiency and sustainability of public water supply is a global problem, and water losses are generally considered an important issue.
This particularly applies to the period after 1996 when an IWA4 (International Water Association) established a WLTF5 working group on water loss issues, with the task to standardize the water losses terminology and water balancing procedures, and introducing consistent indicators6 for assessing efficiency of the management and financial performances in water supply systems. Water losses in all water supply systems are caused by a series of operational and process reasons, and it is particularly worrying that in most water supply organizations the water losses grow over time, or in other words the efficiency of these organizations falls. Water supply systems are getting bigger, older and consequently more and more complicated for monitoring, management and maintenance. The consequence of such a situation is the continuous growth of negative business indicators. Water supply organizations
in their efforts to improve their business use different approaches that are mostly reduced to repairing defects in the struggle with water losses.
After few years of intensive efforts and seeking solutions for achieving better results or progress in the struggle with water losses, the expected results absent. The WLTF Working Group concludes that there is no significant shift in the efficiency of water supply organizations, and proposes a change in the behavior pattern and applying the latest knowledge and achievements to find an effective methodology for reducing water losses and the desired recovery of water supply systems. Water Loss Management will only be successful if it is introduced as part of the overall sustainable package of measures defined by the long-term strategy.
At the same time, with a working group which tries to find solutions to increase the efficiency of public water supply, two new, mutually independent concepts have emerged in the global economic field, bringing significant improvements to the business of business entities. The concepts of Lean and Green Management and Industry 4.0 become the imperative of business success and an indispensable part of the production environment but also the leading manufacturing strategies in the world.
By linking these three concepts into unique integral model WALEGRIN 4.0, a model which has been developed to improve efficiency of management for water supply system and its organization. By applying the principles of Lean and Green management and digitisation of business based on new ICT technologies, existing methods for water supply management have been improved. An integral model for effective public water supply management WALEGRIN 4.0 is an unique solution to the problem of increasing efficiency and can be applied to any public water supply organization.
Keywords
vodoopskrba
učinkovitost vodoopskrbe
održivost vodoopskrbe
KPI vodoopskrbe
Lean menadžment
Green menadžment
Industrija 4.0
Keywords (english)
water supply
water supply efficiency
water supply sustainability
KPI of water supply
Lean management
Green management
Industry 4.0
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:235:136270 Study programme Title: Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2020-06-03 12:14:28
