Utvrđivanje biomehaničkih zahtjeva za prijedlog naprave za vježbanje mišića ramenog zgloba

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Biomechanical requirements determination for design of shoulder joint muscles exercising device
• Author: Vedran Guina
• Mentor: Aleksandar Sušić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-02-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mechanical Engineering

Abstract

U ovome radu ponuđen je prijedlog naprave za sigurno i učinkovito vježbanje mišića ramenog zgloba na temelju utvrđenih biomehaničkih zahtjeva koje takva naprava mora ispuniti.
Prije biomehaničke analize prikazana je izrazito složena anatomija ramenog pojasa. Nabrojani su mišići, kosti i zglobovi koji su dio tog sustava te je objašnjena njihova uloga u funkcionalnosti ramenog pojasa.
Biomehaničkom analizom, korištenjem pojednostavljenog prostornog modela nadlaktične kosti, deltoida i ramenog zgloba, prikazan je utjecaj aktivnosti pojedinih glava deltoida na osnovne pokrete ramena. Također je dan uvid u opterećenje zgloba, značaj mišića rotatorne manšete na stabilnost ramena i promjene položaja rotacijskih osi zgloba.
Nabrojene su i obrazložene najčešće ozljede i oštećenja ramenog zgloba te uzroci i posljedice tih ozljeda. Opisane su vježbe jačanja deltoida bučicama, elastičnim užadima i šipkom. Prikazane su postojeće naprave za vježbanje te je dan osvrt na njihovu funkcionalnost, ergonomičnost te ispunjavanje prethodno utvrđenih biomehaničkih zahtjeva.
Na temelju svih smjernica utvrđenih biomehaničkom analizom definiran je optimalni pokret za vježbanje deltoida s naglaskom na jačanje prednjeg i zadnjeg ramena. Prikazane su vježbe koje ispunjavaju sve biomehaničke zahtjeve i na kojima se temelji konstruiranje naprave.
Sva tri prikazana prijedloga naprave za vježbanje deltoida temelje se na istim pokretima vježbanja koje omogućuju. Vježbanje se postiže podizanjem oslonjene šipke. Razlike između tri prijedloga su načini na koji se naprava prilagođava antropometrijskim karakteristikama korisnika te različiti načini postizanja i izbora opterećenja.
Prednost naprave je postizanje učinkovitog i sigurnog vježbanja deltoida, s naglaskom na inače zapostavljeni prednji i stražnji dio deltoida.

Abstract (english)

In this paper is given a design of device for safe and effective shoulder muscle exercise based on determinated biomechanical requirements which such a device must fulfill.
Prior to the biomechanical analysis, complex anatomy of shoulder girdle is shown. Muscles, bones and joints which are part of the shoulder are listed and their role in the shoulder girdle functionality is explained.
Influence of the activity of certain deltoid muscle head on shoulder movement is shown by biomechanical analysis using the simplifed 3D model of humerus, deltoid muscle and shoulder joint. Furthermore, in paper is given an insight into glenohumeral joint load, importance of rotator cuff muscles for shoulder stability and position changes of joint rotation axes.
The most common injuries of shoulder, as well as the causes and consequences of these injuries, are explained. Shoulder muscle exercises with dumbells, elastic bands and barbell are described. Existing shoulder muscle exercise devices are shown and a review of their functionality, ergonomics and fulfillment of preestablished biomechanical requirements is given.
Based on all the guidelines established by biomechanical analysis, an optimal arm movement for deltoid muscle exercise is defined with the emphasis on strengthening anterior and posterior delts. Exercises which fulfill all of biomechanical requirements are presented.
All of three presented designs of shoulder muscle exercise devices are based on the same arm motion. Exercise is achieved by lifting the supported barbell. The difference between these three devices are the way device adapts to the anthropometric characteristics of the user and the different way of load selection. The advantage of these devices is enabling of effective and safe deltoid muscle exercising, with the emphasis on anterior and posterior deltoid.

• Keywords: rame; vježbanje; biomehanika; konstruiranje
• Keywords (english): shoulder; exercise; biomechanics; designing
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:235:801064
• Study programme: Title: Mechanical Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka strojarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-05-22 21:29:27